Topics: vegetation, tropical forests, climate, soils, floristic diversity, floral biology, flower development, pollination, fruit, seed production, microclimate, seeding patterns, forest productivity, tropical savannas, arid regions, Mediterranean ecosystems, temperate forest ecosystems, temperate grasslands, coniferous forests, terrestrial wetlands, freshwater ecosystems, coastal ecosystems, coral reefs, coastal vegetation

Topics: forest habitat, Tropical forest, Temperate forest, Boreal forest, Taiga forest, Grassland Habitat, Dessert Habitat, Adaptation

Topics: Microorganisms, microbial interactions, commensalism, Parasitism, neutralism, predation, amensalism, competition, Archaea microbes, Bacteria Microbes, Fungi microbes, Protists Microbes, Viruses’ microbes, Prions microbes, adaptation, ecosystems, freshwater ecosystems, terrestrial ecosystems, marine ecosystems

Topics: Habitat, Biomes, tropical forest, Temperate forest, coniferous forest, fauna, grassland

Topics: swamp, forest, concrete

Topics: Forestry, Wildlife Management, Renewable Natural Resources, Forest Trees, Silviculture, Seedling Production, Seed Germination, Seed Management, Protective Afforestation, Animal Behaviour, Wildlife Damage Problems, Wildlife Conservation, Wildlife Conservation methods, climate change

Topics: ecosystem, populations, population growth, predation, symbiosis, community stability, nutrition circulation, allelochemics, soil development, soil classification, vegetation, watersheds, biogeochemistry, pollution, radioisotope contamination, pesticides, heavy metals, air pollution, lake production, eutrophication, retrogression, community evolution, human ecology, marine productivity, detritus, biosphere

Topics: soil properties, soil management, tropical environment, temperature, solar radiation, rainfall, tropical climates, vegetation, physiography, Anthropocene, biodiversity, climate change, demographics, Green Revolutions, Tropical Agroecosystems, land use, land-use change, Pedology, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Laterite Paradigm, tropical soils, tropical soil research, Soil Taxonomy, soil classification systems, soil physical properties, soil temperature, soil structure, soil compaction, soil water, soil erosion, conservation, conservation agriculture, water, rainfed agriculture, irrigated agriculture, irrigation, mineralogy, clay minerals, mineralogy families, Anion Exchange Capacity, soil acidity capacity, Acid Soil Infertility, Liming, overliming, subsoil acidity, secondary acidity, soil biology, soil biodiversity, comminution, decomposition, nutrient elements transformation, soil structure regulation, organic carbon, carbon pools, carbon fractions, animal manures, composts, biochars, organic farming, soil fertility, nutrient cycling, nutrient uptake, determining fertilizer needs, nitrogen cycle, nitrogen pools, atmospheric deposition, biological nitrogen fixation, mineral fertilizers, organic nitrogen mineralization, soil nitrogen fertilizer reactions, Phosphorus Cycle, Phosphorus, Total Soil Phosphorus, inorganic Phosphorus, Phosphorus sorption, Phosphorus release, plant Phosphorus requirements, Phosphorus fertilization, sulfur cycle, sulfur sorption, Sulphur fertilization, Forest–Soil Nutrient Cycles, land clearing, Mechanized Land Clearing, Crop Yield Declines, Field Abandonment, Secondary Forest Fallows, puddling, flooding, rice cultivation systems, Nutrient Management, Yield Stagnation, Nitrogen Sequestration, Livestock-Based Tropical Systems, tropical pastures, Tropical Livestock Management Systems, pastoralism, Smallholder Mixed Crop–Livestock Systems, Extensive Pasture-Based Beef Production, Pasture Degradation, Crop–Pasture Integration, Tropical Tree-Based Systems, Plantation Forestry, Plantation Forestry Species, Agroforestry, Agroforestry Tree Species, Agroforestry Systems, Simultaneous Agroforestry, Sequential Agroforestry, tree crops

Topics: biological diversity, ecosystem, Nigerian Ecosystem, Biodiversity, genetic erosion, Plant Biotechnology, Forest Biotechnology, forest Conservation, Germplasm Appropriation, Germplasm Conservations, Bio-resource Management, Biotechnological Legislation

Topics: Natural Environment, Animal Production, earth science, environment, geological activity, oceans, rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, climate change, atmosphere, atmospheric layers, global warming, climate, weather, life ecosystems, biomes, biogeochemical cycles, wilderness, Environmental degradation, population growth, agriculture, water management, greenhouse gas emission, Gas effect, emissions, pollution, air pollution, water pollution, land pollution, erosion, coastal erosion, glaciers, floods, freezing, thawing, wind erosion, gravitational erosion, exfoliation, soil structure, soil composition, vegetation cover, topography, agricultural practices, deforestation, urbanization, airborne dust pollution, desertification, Stratospheric Ozone, ozone hole, Antarctica Ozone Theory