Topics: lung volumes, Lung capacities

Topics: Transpulmonary pressure, Inspiratory Muscles

Topics: International economics, globalization, international trade relations, comparative advantage, tariffs, nontariff barriers, trade regulations, industrial policies, trade policies, regional trading arrangements, multinational enterprises, balance of payments, foreign exchange, exchange rate determination, exchange rate determination, exchange rate adjustments, exchange rate systems, currency crises, macroeconomic policy

Topics: Microeconomics, Exchange, Market, Demand, Supply, Market Equilibrium, Elasticity, Market Efficiency, Government Intervention, Consumer Choice, Utility Theory, Market Structures, Pricing, Production Technology, Cost, Perfect Competition, Monopoly, Price Discrimination, Market Entry, Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly, Strategic Behavior, Controlling Market Power, Antitrust, Regulation, Imperfect Information, Adverse Selection, Moral Hazard, Public Goods, Public Choice, External Costs, Environmental Policy, Labor Market, Income Distribution, Distribution of Income, International Economy, International Trade, Public Policy

Topics: Soil, rock weathering, soil formation, soil profile, soil classification, soil taxonomy, entisols, inceptisols, andisols, gelisols, histosols, Soil Architecture, soil color, soil texture, soil textural classes, mineral soils structure, tillage, soil density, soil water, soil water energy, soil water content, soil water potential, infiltration, percolation, water vapor movement, hydrologic cycle, soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, enhancing soil drainage, septic tank drain fields, soil aeration, redox potential, wetlands, soil temperature control, soil colloids, layer silicate clay structure, cation exchange capacity, soil acidity, soil ecology, soil organism, earthworms, ants, termites, soil algae, soil fungi, soil prokaryotes, soil organic, soil organic matter management, climate change, soil phosphorus, sulfur oxidation, sulfur retention, soil fertility maintenance, phosphorus cycle, ammonia volatilization, ammonia fixation, sulfur cycle, calcium, magnesium, silicon, trace elements, Practical Nutrient Management, chemical pollution, Geographic Soils Information

Topics: soil properties, soil management, tropical environment, temperature, solar radiation, rainfall, tropical climates, vegetation, physiography, Anthropocene, biodiversity, climate change, demographics, Green Revolutions, Tropical Agroecosystems, land use, land-use change, Pedology, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Laterite Paradigm, tropical soils, tropical soil research, Soil Taxonomy, soil classification systems, soil physical properties, soil temperature, soil structure, soil compaction, soil water, soil erosion, conservation, conservation agriculture, water, rainfed agriculture, irrigated agriculture, irrigation, mineralogy, clay minerals, mineralogy families, Anion Exchange Capacity, soil acidity capacity, Acid Soil Infertility, Liming, overliming, subsoil acidity, secondary acidity, soil biology, soil biodiversity, comminution, decomposition, nutrient elements transformation, soil structure regulation, organic carbon, carbon pools, carbon fractions, animal manures, composts, biochars, organic farming, soil fertility, nutrient cycling, nutrient uptake, determining fertilizer needs, nitrogen cycle, nitrogen pools, atmospheric deposition, biological nitrogen fixation, mineral fertilizers, organic nitrogen mineralization, soil nitrogen fertilizer reactions, Phosphorus Cycle, Phosphorus, Total Soil Phosphorus, inorganic Phosphorus, Phosphorus sorption, Phosphorus release, plant Phosphorus requirements, Phosphorus fertilization, sulfur cycle, sulfur sorption, Sulphur fertilization, Forest–Soil Nutrient Cycles, land clearing, Mechanized Land Clearing, Crop Yield Declines, Field Abandonment, Secondary Forest Fallows, puddling, flooding, rice cultivation systems, Nutrient Management, Yield Stagnation, Nitrogen Sequestration, Livestock-Based Tropical Systems, tropical pastures, Tropical Livestock Management Systems, pastoralism, Smallholder Mixed Crop–Livestock Systems, Extensive Pasture-Based Beef Production, Pasture Degradation, Crop–Pasture Integration, Tropical Tree-Based Systems, Plantation Forestry, Plantation Forestry Species, Agroforestry, Agroforestry Tree Species, Agroforestry Systems, Simultaneous Agroforestry, Sequential Agroforestry, tree crops

Topics: markets, trade, comparative advantage, international markets, excess supply, excess demand, balance of trade, trade, industrial trade policy, real income, tariffs, import tax, terms, tariff games, Industrial Organization, Industrial trade, Oligopolies, international integration, international labor, international capital, international migration, international investment, foreign investment, income redistribution, economic integration, multinational firms, international externalities, international political economy, international money, balance of payments, current accounts, capital accounts, international deficits, international surpluses, international fiscal policy, monetary policy, foreign exchange market, foreign exchange rates, foreign exchange trading, exchange risk, international financial markets, international credit market, open economy macroeconomics

Topics: International Economics, International Trade Equilibrium, Production Possibility Curve, Community Indifference Curve, comparative advantage, reciprocal demand, Heckscher-Ohlin Theory, Samuelson’s Factor-Price Equalisation Theorem, economic growth, international trade, commercial policy, tariffs, import quotas, exchange control, international cartels, state trading, International Economic Integration, Balance of Payments, fiscal policy, income adjustment, Foreign Trade Multiplier, Foreign Exchange Rate, Foreign Exchange Rate Policy, devaluation, Optimum Currency Area, Foreign Exchange Market, International Capital Movements, Transfer Problem, international economic relations, foreign trade, economic development, commercial policy, Export Instability, Private Foreign Investment, Multinational Corporations, International Monetary Fund, world bank, International Liquidity, International Debt Problem, debt crisis, International Monetary System, Euro-Dollar Market, European Union, European Monetary System, World Trade Organization, Asian Development Bank

Topics: International Trade Theory, World Trade, Labor Productivity, Comparative Advantage, Ricardian Model, Income Distribution, Resources, Trade, Heckscher-Ohlin Model, Standard Trade Model, International Location of Production, Export Decisions, Outsourcing, Multinational Enterprises, International Trade Policy, Instruments of Trade Policy, Political Economy of Trade Policy, Trade Policy, Exchange Rates, Open-Economy Macroeconomics, National Income Accounting, Balance of Payments, Money, Interest Rates, Price Levels, Fixed Exchange Rates, Foreign Exchange Intervention, International Macroeconomic Policy, international Monetary Systems, inancial Globalization, Optimum Currency Areas, Developing Countries

Topics: error, statistics, sampling, separation technique, solvent extraction, ion exchange, chromatography, titrimetric analysis, titration, cation, anion, gravimetry, gravimetric analyis, electro-gravimetry, ocnductimetry, coulometry, potentiometry, voltammetry, amperometry, biamperometric titration, colorimetry, spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, infrared spectrophotometry, atomic emission spectroscopy, atomic absorption, flame emission spectroscopy