Topics: information theory, data compression, Elementary Probability, Discrete memoryless channels, channels, channel capacity, coding theory, Lossless Data Compression, data compression, Arithmetic Coding, higher-order modeling, Higher-order arithmetic coding, Gallager’s method, Knuth’s algorithm, Dictionary Methods, Transform Methods, Image Compression

Topics: Carbohydrates Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism, Protein Metabolism, Nucleic Acid, Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Oligosaccharides, Polysaccharides, starch cellulose, glycogen, Glycogenesis, Glenycogolysis, Glycolysis, Hexosemonophosphate Shunt, Krebs Cycle, Gluconeogenesis, Phenylketonuria, Homocystinuria, Albinism, Alkaptonuria

Topics: Islam in North Africa, Islam in Spain, North Africa islamization, Almoravids, Almohads, North Africa Muslim Conquest

Topics: Microeconomics, resource scarcity, scare resources, Consumers Resources, Resource allocation Systems, price systems, Product Market

Topics: Peace studies, conflict resolution, conflict, violence, peacemaking, peace enforcement, peace building, peace mediation, peace keeping, Alternative Dispute Resolution

Topics: protein, amino acids, Aromatic R Groups, Carboxyl Reactions, Amino Group Reactions, Ninhydrin Reaction, Peptides, Alanylglutamylglycyllysine, protein structure

Topics: Dissociation Constant, Titration Curve, buffers, protein, Carboxyl Group Reactions, Amino Group Reactions, amino acids, Ninhydrin Reaction, peptides, Alanylglutamylglycyllysine, lipids, fatty acid, waxes, Triacylglycerols, Sphingolipids, Glycolipids, sterols

Topics: Immunology, immune system, innate immunity, complement system, Lymphocyte Receptor Genes, Histocompatibility Complex, T-Cell Development, B-Cell Development, T-Cell Activation, B-Cell Activation, Antibody-Mediated Immunity, Cell-Mediated Immunity, Barrier Immunity, Adaptive Immune Response, Allergy, Hypersensitivities, Chronic Inflammation, Tolerance, Autoimmunity, Transplantation, Infectious Diseases, Vaccines, Immunodeficiency Diseases, cancer

Topics: Cell, plasma membrane, Golgi complex, Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, vacuole, Prokaryotic cells, Eukaryotic cells, plant kingdom, virus, algae, fungi, pteridophytes, angiosperm, root system, root modification, Assimilatory roots, stem, Dichotomous Branching, leaf, flower, leaf venation, fruit, seed

Topics: Organic chemistry, alkane