Topics: DNA SEQUENCING, POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR), Applications of PCR, RESTRICTION ENZYMES (RE), GENOMIC LIBRARY, RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY (rDNA)

Topics: cell concept, microbial classification, Eukaryotic protists, protozoa, Virus, plant science, biotechnology, plant taxonomy, Bryophyta, pteridophyte, plant tissues, animal cell, animal taxonomy, Arthropoda, phyla Mollusca, Echinodermata, Annelida, segmented worms, animal tissues, epithelia, connective tissues, biochemistry, pH, buffers, simple hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, fatty acids, organic compounds, carbohydrates, sugars, starch glycogen, cellulose, lipids, nucleic acids, amino acids, proteins

Topics: cell, tissues, supportive systems, nervous coordination, hormonal coordination, reproduction, nutrition, ecosystem, ecological management, habitats, microorganisms, conservation, genetics, evolution, lamlad

Topics: cell, virus, monra, protista, fungi, plantae, thallophyta, bryophyta, pteridophyta, spermophyta, lower invertebrates, higher invertebrate, Pisces, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, nutrition, food substances, digestive system, digestive enzyme, dentition, supporting tissues, musculoskeletal system, movement, transport, circulatory system, excretion, excretory products, respiration, reproduction, flowering plants, germination, fruit dispersal, seed dispersal, growth, development, homeostasis, endocrine system, plant hormones, nervous system, agriculture, soil science, diseases, insect vectors, ecological management, ecological succession, adaptation, feeding relationship, heredity, variation, evolution

Topics: cell structure, cell organization, specimens, diffusion, osmosis, active transport, biological molecules, proteins, DNA structure, water, enzymes, enzyme action, plant nutrition, photosynthesis, leaf structure, human nutrition, diet, alimentary canal, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, water uptake, transpiration, translocation, heart, blood, lymphatic vessels. blood, diseases, immunity, human gas exchanges, respiration, aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, excretion, co-ordination, human nervous control, sense organs, homeostasis, tropic response, drugs, Medicinal drugs, misused drugs, reproduction, Asexual reproduction, Sexual reproduction, human sex hormones, Sexually transmitted infections, inheritance, chromosomes, genes, mitosis, meiosis, Monohybrid inheritance, Variation, adaptive features, selection, Energy flow, food chains, food web, Nutrient cycles, population size, Biotechnology, genetic engineering, food supply, Habitat destruction, pollution, conservation

Topics: Ethics, communication, Clinical pharmacology, Environmental medicine, global health, poisoning, Palliative medicine, symptom control, Molecular cell biology, human genetics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Monitoring drug therapy, Adverse drug reactions, Drug interactions, Evidence-based medicine, maternal health, child health, accidents, trauma, conflict, catastrophe, heat injury, cold injury, drowning, air pollution, ionizing radiation, electric shock, lightning strike, smoke, noise, bioterrorism, biowarfare, Cell biology, cell structure, cell, cellular mechanisms, stem cells, human genetic analysis, chromosome, genetic disorders, population genetics, clinical genetics, genetic counselling, genomic medicine, immune system.Innate immune system, Adaptive immune system, Cell migration, HLA molecules, antigen presentation, human major histocompatibility complex, Clinical immunodeficiency, immediate hypersensitivity, allergic disease, Autoimmune disease, Organ rejection, clinical transplantation, Immune-based therapies, Water, electrolytes, Hyponatraemia, Hypernatraemia, Hypokalaemia, Hyperkalaemia, Hypomagnesaemia, Hypermagnesaemia, Hypophosphataemia, Hyperphosphataemia, Acid–base disorders, Water balance, electrolyte balance, Dietary requirements, Protein–energy malnutrition, vitamins, Fat-soluble vitamins, Water-soluble vitamins, Dietary antioxidants, Homocysteine, cardiovascular disease, B vitamins, Nutrition, Ageing, Nutritional support, obesity, Food allergy, food intolerance, alcohol, Clinical practice, Infectious diseases, tropical medicine, Sexually transmitted infections, human immunodeficiency virus, Gastrointestinal disease, Liver disease, Biliary tract disease, pancreatic disease, Haematological disease, Malignant disease, Rheumatic disease, Kidney disease, urinary tract disease, Neurological disease, Psychological medicine, Cardiovascular disease, Respiratory disease, Critical care medicine, Endocrine disease, Lipid disorder, metabolic disorder, Women's health, Skin disease, Ear disease, nose disease, throat disease, eye disease

Topics: soil properties, soil management, tropical environment, temperature, solar radiation, rainfall, tropical climates, vegetation, physiography, Anthropocene, biodiversity, climate change, demographics, Green Revolutions, Tropical Agroecosystems, land use, land-use change, Pedology, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Laterite Paradigm, tropical soils, tropical soil research, Soil Taxonomy, soil classification systems, soil physical properties, soil temperature, soil structure, soil compaction, soil water, soil erosion, conservation, conservation agriculture, water, rainfed agriculture, irrigated agriculture, irrigation, mineralogy, clay minerals, mineralogy families, Anion Exchange Capacity, soil acidity capacity, Acid Soil Infertility, Liming, overliming, subsoil acidity, secondary acidity, soil biology, soil biodiversity, comminution, decomposition, nutrient elements transformation, soil structure regulation, organic carbon, carbon pools, carbon fractions, animal manures, composts, biochars, organic farming, soil fertility, nutrient cycling, nutrient uptake, determining fertilizer needs, nitrogen cycle, nitrogen pools, atmospheric deposition, biological nitrogen fixation, mineral fertilizers, organic nitrogen mineralization, soil nitrogen fertilizer reactions, Phosphorus Cycle, Phosphorus, Total Soil Phosphorus, inorganic Phosphorus, Phosphorus sorption, Phosphorus release, plant Phosphorus requirements, Phosphorus fertilization, sulfur cycle, sulfur sorption, Sulphur fertilization, Forest–Soil Nutrient Cycles, land clearing, Mechanized Land Clearing, Crop Yield Declines, Field Abandonment, Secondary Forest Fallows, puddling, flooding, rice cultivation systems, Nutrient Management, Yield Stagnation, Nitrogen Sequestration, Livestock-Based Tropical Systems, tropical pastures, Tropical Livestock Management Systems, pastoralism, Smallholder Mixed Crop–Livestock Systems, Extensive Pasture-Based Beef Production, Pasture Degradation, Crop–Pasture Integration, Tropical Tree-Based Systems, Plantation Forestry, Plantation Forestry Species, Agroforestry, Agroforestry Tree Species, Agroforestry Systems, Simultaneous Agroforestry, Sequential Agroforestry, tree crops

Topics: kingdoms, class, phylum, taxonomy, cryptograms, agricultural microbiology, genetic engineering, higher plants, biotechnology, lower plants, plant biology, morphology of organisms, anatomy of organisms

Topics: Statistical methodologies, laboratory medicine, quality management, medical laboratory, Preanalytical Variation, Preexamination Process, Analytical Examination Process, Biological Variation, Evidence-Based Laboratory Medicine, Biobanking, Enzyme, Rate Analysis, proteomics, Microfabrication, Microfluidics, cytometry, point-of-care testing, amino acids, peptides, proteins, serum enzymes, tumor markers, kidney function tests, carbohydrates, Cardiovascular Risk, lipid, lipoprotein, Electrolytes, Blood Gases, Analytes, hormones, vitamins, trace elements, hemoglobin, iron, bilirubin, porphyrins, porphyrias, therapeutic drugs, Optical Techniques, electrochemistry, chemical sensors, electrophoresis, chromatography, mass spectrometry, tandem mass spectrometry, clinical toxicology, toxic elements, body fluids, molecular biology, pathophysiology, hematology, coagulation, microbiology, transfusion medicine, genomes, variants, nucleic acid isolation, genetics, solid tumor genomics, Hematopoietic Malignancies, Circulating Tumor Cells, Circulating Tumor DNA, Prenatal Diagnostics, Pharmacogenetics, identity testing, thyroid disorders, Reproductive Endocrinology, newborn screening, inborn errors of metabolism, hemostasis, red blood cell morphology, clinical chemistry interface, automated hematology, bacteriology, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, mycoology, parasitology, virology, nutrition, diabetes mellitus, cardiac function, kidney disease, disorders of water, electrolytes, acid-basr metabolism, liver disease, gastric function, pancreatic function, intestinal function, monoamine-producing tumors, bone metabolism, mineral metabolism, Pituitary Function, adrenal cortex, blood groups, pretransfusion testing, red blood cell transfusion, blood components, blood donor screening, transfusion reactions

Topics: Parasitology, parasitic protozoa, Kinetoplastid flagellates, parasitic Amoebae, coccidia, Malaria parasites, piroplasms, microsporidia, ciliophora, pneumocystis, parasitic helminths, vectors, ectoparasitic insects, epidemiology, biochemistry, energy metabolism, lipids, amino acid metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, molecular biology, molecular genetics, DNA technology, RNA technology, Gene expression, Gene regulation, telomeric gene expression, gene mapping, monoclonal antibodies, rational drug design, vaccine development, physiology, nutrition, chemical communication, locomotory physiology, chemotherapy, immunology, immunity vector control