Topics: Membrane potential, Action potential, Ionic basis

Topics: Ionic regulation, Hyperosmotic living, terrestrial living

Topics: chemical combination laws, Dalton's atomic theory, atomic masses, molecular mass, empirical formula, molecular formula, chemical reactions, stoichiometry, atomic number, isotopes, isobars, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, quantum numbers, Pauli exclusion, Hund's rules, atom electronic configuration, ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valence, valence electrons, chemical bonding, molecular structure, ionic bond, covalent bond, Lewis structure, valence bond theory, VSEPR theory, Boyle's law, Charles's law, Gay Lussac's law, Avogadro's law, thermodynamics, equilibrium, Redox reaction, hydrogen, Alkali earth metals, alkaline earth metals, organic chemistry, hydrocarbons, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, Benzene, aromacity, environmental chemistry, solid state, solutions, electrochemistry, chemical kinetics, surface chemistry, coordination compounds, Haloalkanes, alcohols, phenols, ethers, Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amines, cyanides, Diazonium, salts, biomolecules, carbohydrates, proteins, hormones, vitamins, nucleic acids, DNA, RNA, polymers

Topics: Gas laws, Gas, Boyle's law, Charles law, Gay-Lussac's law, Dalton's law, general gas equation, ideal gas, Avogardo's law, kinetic theory, Boltzmann distribution, intermolecular distribution, Vander Waal's equation, viscosity, dilute solution, molarity, mole fraction, colligative properties, osmotic pressure, thermodynamics, internal energy, heat change, heat capacity, isothermal process, phase change, adiabatic process, adiabatic reversible expansion, thermodynamic equilibrium, chemical equilibrium, thermochemistry, heat of reaction, heat of formation, heat of combustion, bond energy, chemical equilibrium, dynamic equilibrium, law of mass action, solubility, chemical kinetics, chemical reaction, reaction rate, rate laws, differential rate laws, integrated rate laws, activation energy, action complex, activated complex, ionic equilibrium, electrolytes, acid, bases, Bronsted-Lowry theory, Lewis theory, dissociation constant, hydrolysis, buffer solution, buffer capacity, crystals, crystalline phases, polymorphism, amorphous, crystal growth, nucleation, crystal systems, cubic structures, mirror symmetry

Topics: kinetic theory of matter, diffusion, compounds, experimental techniques, elements, separating mixtures, gels, sols, foams, emulsions, atomic structure, atomic bonding, Ionic bonding, covalent bonding, glasses, ceramics, metallic bonding, Stoichiometry, chemical calculations, relative atomic mass, reacting masses, calculating masses, moles, chemical equations, electricity, electrolysis, electroplating, chemical energetics, fossil fuels, chemical energy, cells, batteries, chemical reactions, enzymes, acid, base, alkalis, salt formation, crystal hydrates, salt solubility, titration, periodic table, Alkali metal, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble gases, transition elements, metal, metal reactions, metal nitrate decomposition, metal carbonate decomposition, metal oxide decomposition, metal reactivity, metal waste, rusting of iron, air, water, ammonia, artificial fertilizer, water cycle, water hardness, sulfur, sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid, inorganic carbon chemistry, limestone, carbonates, carbon dioxide, organic chemistry, alkanes, alkenes, Biotechnology, alcohols, Carboxylic acids, soaps, detergents, Condensation polymers, biopolymers, Pharmaceuticals, Experimental chemistry

Topics: Atom, molecule, ion, chemical reaction, Gas, thermochemistry, quantum theory, chemical bonding, intermolecular forces, chemical kinetics, chemical equilibrium, acid, base, Acid-base equilibria, solubility equilibria, entropy, free energy, equilibrium, electrochemistry, Nuclear chemistry, Metallurgy, Transition metal, organic chemistry, polymer

Topics: scientific method, hypothesis, chemical industries, matter, atom, molecule, ion, neutral atom, atomicity, Dalton‘s atomic theory, atomic structure, atomic number, mass number, isotopy, valency, binary compounds, chemical combination, periodic table, electronic configuration, noble gases, Relative atomic mass, Relative molecular mass, chemical bonding, Electrovalent bonding, covalent bonding, Co-ordinate covalent bonding, Metallic bonding, hydrogen bonding, Vander Waal forces, Gas Laws, Boyle‘s law, Charles law, Avogadro's law, Separation Techniques, filtration, decantation, acid, bases, salts, alkali, water, carbon, diamond graphite, Chemical Reactions, Reactants, decomposition reaction, Acid-Base Reaction, Volumetric analysis, reagents, water, air, oxygen, halogen, nitrogen, Sulphur, Oxidation Reduction Reaction, redox reaction, oxidizing agent, reducing agent, ionic theory, Electrovalent Compounds, Covalent Compounds, Electrolysis, Electrochemical cells, organic chemistry, isomerism, alkanols, Quantitative Analysis, Qualitative Analysis, Acid-base titration, Redox titrations, Petroleum, metals, fats, oil, starch, Giant Molecules, sugar, protein, nuclear chemistry, Nuclear Reactions

Topics: Atom, Molecule, Ion, Stoichiometry, chemical reaction, gas, thermochemistry, atomic structure, periodicity, bonding, covalent bond, orbital, liquid, solid, solution, chemical kinetics, chemical equilibrium, acid, base, acid-base equilibria, solubility, Complex Ion Equilibria, Spontaneity, Entropy, Free Energy, Electrochemistry, Nucleus, Representative Element, transition metal, coordination chemistry, organic molecule, biological molecule, Dalton’s Atomic Theory, Periodic Table, Atomic Mass, mole, molar mass, chemical equation, stochiometric calculation, Precipitation Reaction, acid-base reaction, oxidation-reduction reaction, gas law

Topics: stoichiometry, mole concept, gases, reacting mass, reacting volume, atomic structure, nuclear atom, electron configuration, periodicity, periodic table, periodic trends, chemical bonding, chemical structure, ionic bonding, ionic structure, covalent bonding, covalent structures, intermolecular forces, metallic bonding, thermochemistry, Hess's law, bond enthalpies, chemical kinetics, collision theory, rate of reaction, equilibrium, acid, base, pH scale, strong acid, strong base, acid deposition, redox process, oxidation, reduction redox processes.electrochemical cells, organic chemistry, functional group chemistry, periodic table, transition metals, chemical bonding, chemical structure, hybridization, energy cycles, entropy, spontaneity, reaction mechanis, .activation energy, Lewis acid, Lewis base, organic chemistry

Topics: RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL, ACTION POTENTIAL