Topics: DNA SEQUENCING, POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR), Applications of PCR, RESTRICTION ENZYMES (RE), GENOMIC LIBRARY, RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY (rDNA)

Topics: polyhydroxy, Crustacean shells (chitin), (D-ribose and 2-deoxy-D-ribose, Aldoses, epimerase

Topics: Inorganic chemistry, atomic structure, atomic orbitals, molecular structure, bonding, Lewis structure, valence bond theory, Molecular orbital theory, ionic solids, ionic bonding, semiconduction, acid, base, Brønsted acidity, Lewis acidity, oxidation, reduction, reduction potentials, redox stability, Molecular symmetry, isomerism, coordination compounds, chirality, spectroscopy, chemical analysis, Magnetometry, periodic trends, Group 1 elements, Group 2 elements, hydrogen, Group 13 elements, Group 15 elements, Group 14 elements, Group 16 elements, d-Block elements, Representative compounds, Electronic spectra, Magnetism, Coordination chemistry, Ligand substitution reactions, Ligand substitution, Redox reactions, Photochemical reactions, Lanthanoid chemistry, Actinoid chemistry, ligands, Solid-state chemistry, materials chemistry, Metal oxides, nitrides, fluorides, Chalcogenides, intercalation compounds, Hydrides, inorganic pigments, Semiconductor chemistry, Molecular materials, fullerides, catalysis, Homogeneous catalysis, Heterogeneous catalysis, Hybrid catalysis, Characterization, fabrication, Nanomaterials, nanoscience, nanotechnology, Self-assembled nanostructures, Bioinorganic nanomaterials, Biological inorganic chemistry, Catalytic processes, Biological cycles, Chelation therapy, nitrogen cycle, hydrogen cycle, acid-base catalysis, Tethered catalysts, Electrocatalysis, Alkene polymerization, Ammonia synthesis, Hydroformylation, Alkene metathesis

Topics: Properties of gases, mixtures, chemical equilibrium, quantum theory, atomic structure, atomic spectra, molecular structure, molecular symmetry, molecular spectroscopy, magnetic resonance, statistical thermodynamics, molecular interactions, solids, chemical kinetics, reaction dynamics

Topics: perfect gas, properties of gases, Chemical Equilibrium, entropy, equilibrium constant, quantum mechanics, quantum theory, Hydrogenic atoms, atomic structure, atomic spectra, molecular structure, molecular symmetry, molecular spectroscopy, magnetic resonance, statistical thermodynamics, molecular interactions, solids, chemical kinetics, reaction dynamics

Topics: Organic Chemistry, periodic table, bonding, Lewis structures, isomers, octet rule, hybridization, ethane, ethylene, acetylene, bond length, bond strength, Electronegativity, Bond Polarity, oxybenzone, Brønsted–Lowry Acids, Brønsted–Lowry Bases, acid strength, Aspirin, organic molecules, functional groups, intermolecular forces, alkanes, cycloalkanes, Substituted Cycloalkanes, lipids, Stereochemistry, starch, cellulose, glass chemistry, chiral molecules, achiral molecules, Disastereomers, meso compounds, Disubstituted Cycloalkanes, isomers, Enantiomers, organic reactions, bond breaking, bond making, Bond Dissociation Energy, thermodynamics, Enthalpy, Entropy, energy diagrams, kinetics, catalysts, enzymes, Alkyl Halides, Nucleophilic Substitution, Polar Carbon–Halogen Bond, nucleophile, Carbocation Stability, Hammond postulate, Biological Nucleophilic Substitution, Vinyl Halides, Aryl Halides, Organic Synthesis, elimination reactions, Alcohols, Ethers, Carbocation Rearrangements, Tosylate, Thials, sulfides, Alkenes, Addition Reactions, Hydrohalogenation, Lipids, Markovnikov's Rule, Halohydrin Formation, Epoxidation, alkenes, mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, electromagnetic radiations, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, radical reactions, Conjugated Dienes, Electron Delocalization, Diels–Alder Reaction, Benzene, Aromatic Compounds, Benzene's Unusual Stability, Buckminsterfullerene, Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution, Friedel–Crafts Alkylation, Friedel–Crafts Acylation, Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution, Carbonyl Chemistry, Organometallic Reagents, Aldehydes, Keton, Nucleophilic Addition, Carboxylic Acids, Nitriles, Aspirin, Arachidonic Acid, Prostaglandins, enols

Topics: chemical combination laws, Dalton's atomic theory, atomic masses, molecular mass, empirical formula, molecular formula, chemical reactions, stoichiometry, atomic number, isotopes, isobars, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, quantum numbers, Pauli exclusion, Hund's rules, atom electronic configuration, ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valence, valence electrons, chemical bonding, molecular structure, ionic bond, covalent bond, Lewis structure, valence bond theory, VSEPR theory, Boyle's law, Charles's law, Gay Lussac's law, Avogadro's law, thermodynamics, equilibrium, Redox reaction, hydrogen, Alkali earth metals, alkaline earth metals, organic chemistry, hydrocarbons, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, Benzene, aromacity, environmental chemistry, solid state, solutions, electrochemistry, chemical kinetics, surface chemistry, coordination compounds, Haloalkanes, alcohols, phenols, ethers, Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amines, cyanides, Diazonium, salts, biomolecules, carbohydrates, proteins, hormones, vitamins, nucleic acids, DNA, RNA, polymers

Topics: elements, compounds, atomic theory, chemical reaction, atom constituents, chemical symbols, chemical formulae, chemical reactions, chemical equations, electronic configuration, atomic number, mass numbers, nuclear atom, electronic, energy levels, Ion formations, nuclear reactions, radioactivity, nuclear radiations, nuclear fusion, nuclear fission, radioactivity hazards, chemical bonding, electrovalent bonding, Ionic bonding, electrovalent compounds, covalent bonding, covalent compounds, coordinate covalent bonding, dative covalent bonding, metallic bonding, intermolecular bonding, Van der Waal's forces, dipole-dipole attractions, hydrogen bonding, periodic table, periodic law, transition elements, atomic orbital model, principal quantum number, subsidiary quantum number, azimuthal quantum number, magnetic quantum number, spin quantum number, atomic orbital shape, atomic size, ionic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, mole concept, melting, vaporization, boiling point, evaporation sublimation, heating graphs, cooling graphs, Boyle's law, Charles's law, Avogadro's law, boiling, solid classification, solid properties, molecular solid, metallic solid, Ionic solid, covalent solid, energy changes, heat content, heat of reaction, exothermic reactions, energy level diagrams, standard state, thermochemical equations, entropy, entropy change, free energy, chemical kinetic, rate of a chemical reaction, temperature, gas pressure, catalyst, activation, reaction rate, collision theory, Le Chatelier's principle, Haber process, contact process, salt hydrolysis, buffer solutions, common Ion effect, solubility product, Acid bases, salt, electrolysis, redox reactions, electrolytic conduction, oxidation, reduction, copper purification, electroplating, quantitative hydrolysis, metal corrosion, iron rusting, carbon, carbon allotropes, Diamond graphite, amorphous carbon, combustion reactions, industrial gas chemistry, metals, alloys, chemical industry, heavy chemicals, fine chemicals, fertilizers, plastics, soaps, detergents, pharmaceuticals, Nigerian chemical industry, aromatic compounds, Alicyclic compound, heterocyclic compound, homologous series, functional groups, isomerism, structural isomerism, geometric isomerism, IUPAC Nomenclature of organic compounds, purification methods, distillation, crystallization, chromatography, empirical formula, molecular formular, alkanes, natural gas, petroleum crude oil, benzene, fractional distillation petrol quality, cracking, isomerization, petrochemicals, alkanols, alkanoic acid, alkenoate, fat, oils, amino acid, polymer chemistry, polymerization processes, condensation polymerization, resins, natural polymers, carbohydrates, proteins, synthetic polymers, water pollution

Topics: temperature, temperature units, atomic mass, molar mass, molecular mass, relative atomic mass, emperical formula, chemical formula, limiting reactant, chemical reactions, gas, gas volume, pressure, standard atmospheric pressure, pressure measurement, gas law, Boyle's law, Charles's law, Gay-lussac law, combined gas law, ideal gas, ideal gas law, kinetic theory, avogardo hypothesis, molar volume, gas volume, gas stoichiometry, thermochemistry, heat, heat capacity, calorimetry, energy, enthalphy, thermochemical reactions, atomic structure, particle, waves, Pauli principle, Periodic law, Aufbau principle, Electron configuration, Atomic radii, ionization energy, electron affinity, chemical bonding, molecular structure, ionic compounds, covalence, valence-bond representation, molecular-orbital representation, π BONDING, MULTICENTER π BONDS, coordination compounds, isomerism, solid, liquid, crystals, crystal forces, Ionic Radii, oxidation-reduction, oxidation number, oxidizing agents, reducing agents, ionic notation, balancing equations, concentration, concentration scales, concentration units, dilution, volumetric standard solutions, vapor pressure lowering, freezing-point lowering, boiling-point lowering, Boiling-point elevation, osmotic pressure, Law of distribution, isomerism, functional groups, organic chemistry, biochemistry, thermodynamics, chemical equilibrium, Equilibrium constant, Le Chatelier's principle, acid, base, hydrolysis, buffer solution, indicators, weak polyprotic acids, tittration, complex ions, coordination complexes, electrochemistry, solubility product, electrical units, electrolysis, voltaic cells, standard half-cell potentials, free energy, Nonstandard potentials, rate of reactions, rate constant, energy of activation, Nuclear process, Binding energy, nuclear equations, radiochemistry

Topics: Toxicology, Cell Culture Techniques, cell structure, molecular techniques, molecular cloning, genomic libraries, gene expression, immunochemical techniques, proteomics, metabolomics, bioinformatics, toxicants, air pollutants, water pollutants, soil pollutant, Occupational Toxicants, metals, Agricultural Chemicals, pesticides, Organophosphorus Insecticides, Carbamate Insecticides, Botanical Insecticides, Pyrethroid Insecticides, Herbicides, Fungicides, Rodenticides, Food Additives, food Contaminants, toxins, Microbial Toxins, Mycotoxins, Algal Toxins, Plant Toxins, drug abuse, cell membranes, toxicant processing, Toxicant Distribution, Gastrointestinal Absorption, Dermal Absorption, Respiratory Penetration, Toxicant Distribution, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Microsomes, Monooxygenations, Nonmicrosomal Oxidations, Epoxide Hydration, DDT Dehydrochlorinase, Glucuronide Conjugation, Glucoside Conjugation, Phosphate Conjugation, Reactive Metabolites, Activation Enzymes, Reactive Oxygen Species, Piperonyl Butoxide, toxic action, acute toxicity, Chemical Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, DNA damage, mutagenesis, Human cancer, Teratogenesis, Embryonic Development, organ toxicity, Hepatotoxicity, Nephrotoxicity, Neurotoxicity Testing, nervous system, Reproductive System, Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis, Male Reproductive Physiology, Female Reproductive Physiology, Endocrine Toxicology, endocrine disruption, Respiratory Toxicology, Occupational Lung Diseases, Environmental Lung Diseases, Immune System, Immune Suppression, Immune-Mediated Injury, Hypersensitivity, applied toxicology, toxicity testing, Forensic Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology, Human Health Risk Assessment, environmental toxicology, Environmental Sample Collection Methods, Analytical Techniques, Bioaccumulation, Environmental Risk Assessment, Molecular Toxicology, Biochemical Toxicology