Topics: Renal regulation, Acid balance, Bicarbonate Mechanism, Phosphate Mechanism, Ammonia Mechanism

Topics: Mesangial Cells, Loop of Henle, renal function test, urea, creatinine clearance, inulin GFR, isotopic GFR, cockroft equation, Gault equation, jellife equation, plasma creatinine concentration, uric acid

Topics: Hypoalbuminemia, GLOMERULONEPHRITIS, URINARY TRACT INFECTION, ACTUE KIDNEY INJURY, CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE, END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE, RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY, Potter’s syndrome, Unilateral agenesis, aplasia, Hypoplasia, Multicystic kidney, Medullary sponge Kidney, Solitary cyst, Horse-shoe kidney, Ectopic kidney, Hydramnious, Pelvic Hydronephrosis, Ureterocele, RENAL BIOPSY, HYPERTENSION, ENURESIS

Topics: Urinary System Anatomy, Nephron Function, Kidney

Topics: oliguria, anuria

Topics: Analgesic Nephropathy, Electrolyte Abnormalities, Bone Metabolism, Uremic Syndrome, Hyperphosphatemia, Hypertension, Chronic Hemodialysis Medications, Hemodialysis

Topics: Hypercalciuria, Osteomalacia, osteopenia

Topics: Benign neoplasms, Renal Papillary Adenoma, Wilms Tumour, Nephroblastoma, WAGR syndrome, Denys-Drash syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome, Renal cell carcinoma, Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, Hereditary leiomyomatosis, renal cell cancer syndrome, Hereditary papillary carcinoma, Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome, Clear cell variant, Papillary variant, Xp11 translocation carcinoma, Collecting duct carcinoma, Bellini duct carcinoma, Medullary carcinoma

Topics: Calcification, Fibroids, prostate, seminal vesicles, INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICE, dermoid, Increased echogenicity, Hydronephrosis, Renal infections, Renal cysts, Solid renal mass, calculi, ANTEGRADE PYELOGRAM, RETROGRADE PYELOGRAM, URETHROGRAPHY, urethrogram, MICTURATING CYSTOGRAPHY, cystourethrography, Chronic pyelonephritis, Tuberculosis

Topics: Pediatric Patient, Nutritional Support, newborn, Renal Impairment, Renovascular Hypertension, Coagulopathies, Sickle Cell Disease, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Mechanical Ventilation, paediatric surgery, Vascular Access, Surgical Infectious Disease, Fetal Therapy, trauma, bities, burns, Thoracic Trauma, Abdominal Trauma, Renal Trauma, Traumatic Brain Injury, Pediatric Orthopedic Trauma, Neurosurgical Conditions, Chest Wall Deformities, Laryngotracheal Obstruction, Congenital Bronchopulmonary Malformations, lung, pleura, Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia, Eventration, Mediastinal Tumors, Esophagus, Esophageal Atresia, Tracheoesophageal Fistula Malformations, Abdomen, Gastroesophageal Reflux, Duodena Atresia, Intestinal Atresia, Stenosis, Malrotation, Meconium Disease, Necrotizing Enterocolitis, Hirschsprung Disease, Anorectal Atresia, Cloacal Malformations, Fecal Incontinence, Constipation, Acquired Anorectal Disorders, Intussusception, Alimentary Tract Duplications, Meckel Diverticulum, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Appendicitis, Biliary Atresia, Choledochal Cyst, Gallbladder Disease, Organ Transplantation, Splenic Conditions, Abdominal Wall Defects, Abdominal Wall Hernia, Inguinal Hernia, Undescended Testes, Testicular Tumors, Acute Scrotum, Urology, Ureteral Obstruction, Ureteral Malformation, Urinary Tract Infection, Vesicoureteral Reflux, Bladder, Urethra, Posterior Urethral Valves, Bladder Exstrophy, Cloacal Exstrophy, Hypospadias, Circumcision, Prune Belly Syndrome, Sexual Development, Neoplasms, Adjuvant Therapy, Childhood Cancer, renal tumor, Neuroblastoma, Teratomas, Dermoids, Soft Tissue Tumor, Lymphoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, Vascular Anomalies, head masses, head sinuses, neck masses, neck sinuses, Pediatric Gynecology, Adolescent Gynecology, Breast Disease, Endocrine Disorder, endocrine tumor, Bariatric Surgical Procedures, Nevus, Melanoma