Topics: soil microclimatology, weather elements, climate, atmospheric dynamics, solar radiation, heat transfer, Atmospheric Moisture, soil moisture, soil properties, soil conservation, Climatic Variables measurement, Evaporation, Evapotranspiration

Topics: Agricultural meteorology, Dew measurement, crop phenology, Precipitation, Solar Radiation

Topics: soil properties, soil management, tropical environment, temperature, solar radiation, rainfall, tropical climates, vegetation, physiography, Anthropocene, biodiversity, climate change, demographics, Green Revolutions, Tropical Agroecosystems, land use, land-use change, Pedology, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Laterite Paradigm, tropical soils, tropical soil research, Soil Taxonomy, soil classification systems, soil physical properties, soil temperature, soil structure, soil compaction, soil water, soil erosion, conservation, conservation agriculture, water, rainfed agriculture, irrigated agriculture, irrigation, mineralogy, clay minerals, mineralogy families, Anion Exchange Capacity, soil acidity capacity, Acid Soil Infertility, Liming, overliming, subsoil acidity, secondary acidity, soil biology, soil biodiversity, comminution, decomposition, nutrient elements transformation, soil structure regulation, organic carbon, carbon pools, carbon fractions, animal manures, composts, biochars, organic farming, soil fertility, nutrient cycling, nutrient uptake, determining fertilizer needs, nitrogen cycle, nitrogen pools, atmospheric deposition, biological nitrogen fixation, mineral fertilizers, organic nitrogen mineralization, soil nitrogen fertilizer reactions, Phosphorus Cycle, Phosphorus, Total Soil Phosphorus, inorganic Phosphorus, Phosphorus sorption, Phosphorus release, plant Phosphorus requirements, Phosphorus fertilization, sulfur cycle, sulfur sorption, Sulphur fertilization, Forest–Soil Nutrient Cycles, land clearing, Mechanized Land Clearing, Crop Yield Declines, Field Abandonment, Secondary Forest Fallows, puddling, flooding, rice cultivation systems, Nutrient Management, Yield Stagnation, Nitrogen Sequestration, Livestock-Based Tropical Systems, tropical pastures, Tropical Livestock Management Systems, pastoralism, Smallholder Mixed Crop–Livestock Systems, Extensive Pasture-Based Beef Production, Pasture Degradation, Crop–Pasture Integration, Tropical Tree-Based Systems, Plantation Forestry, Plantation Forestry Species, Agroforestry, Agroforestry Tree Species, Agroforestry Systems, Simultaneous Agroforestry, Sequential Agroforestry, tree crops

Topics: SKIN STRUCTURE, epidermis, dermis, Subcutis, hypodermis, Melanocytes, Langerhans cells, Merkel cells, Stratum Corneum, EPIDERMAL LAYERS, Stratum granulosum, Stratum spinosum, prickle cell layer, Stratum germinativum

Topics: thermochemistry, heat, specific heat, heat of reaction, calorimetry, Bomb Calorimetry, Constant-Volume Calorimetry, Styrofoam Calorimeter, Standard Enthalpy of Reaction, Hess law, electrochemistry, electrochemical cells, electrodes, electrode reactions, cell potentials, free energy, electromotive series, Nernst equation, electrochemical corrosion, corrosion, electrolytic cells

Topics: Immunology, immunity, passive immunity, active immunity, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Granulocytes, Dendritic Cells, mast cells, innate immunity

Topics: Cardiovascular System, Pericardium, Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium, Cardiac Muscle Tissue, Intercalated discs, Atrioventricular valves, Superior vena cava, Inferior vena cava, Coronary sinus, Foramen ovale, Pectinate muscles, atrium, Right Ventricle, Right atrioventricular valve, Trabeculae carneae, Pulmonary Circuit, Conus arteriosus, pulmonary valve, Coronary Arteries, Coronary circulation, Coronary Artery, Arterial Anastomoses, cardiac vein, Heart Disease, Coronary Artery Disease, Angina pectoris, Myocardial infarction, heart attack, Cardiac Cycle, Conducting System, electrocardiogram, Automaticity, Conducting Cells, Sinoatrial Node, heart node, Atrioventricular Node, Abnormal Pacemaker Function, Purkinje Fibers, Contractile Cells, Refractory Period, Cardiac Contractions, Cardiodynamics, Cardiovascular regulation, Atrial Reflex, Bainbridge reflex, Cardiac Cycle, heart rate

Topics: chemical equilibria, acid, base, weak acid, polyprotic acid, polyprotic base, aqueous equilibria, buffer, titrations, electrochemistry, redox reaction, galvanic cells, electrolytic cells, chemical kinetics, reaction rates, reaction mechanisms, catalysis, periodic trends, hydrogen, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, boron family, carbon family, nitrogen family, oxygen family, halogens, noble gases, nuclear radiation, nuclear energy, d-Block elements, coordination compounds, organic chemistry, hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, polymers, biological compounds, nuclear chemistry, nuclear decay

Topics: Cell, plasma membrane, Golgi complex, Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, vacuole, Prokaryotic cells, Eukaryotic cells, plant kingdom, virus, algae, fungi, pteridophytes, angiosperm, root system, root modification, Assimilatory roots, stem, Dichotomous Branching, leaf, flower, leaf venation, fruit, seed

Topics: Medical Physiology, Cell Signaling, Membrane Transport, Membrane Potential, Physiologic Regulation, plasma membrane structure, Solute Transport Mechanisms, Resting Membrane Potential, cellular signaling, neuromuscular physiology, nervous function, nervous system, action potential synaptic transmission, neurotransmission, Sensory Physiology, sensory system, somatosensory system, visual system, auditory system, vestibular system, Gustatory Systems, Olfactory Systems, motor system, autonomic nervous system, Parasympathetic Nervous System, Sympathetic Nervous System, Autonomic Integration, Hypothalamus, Brain Electrical Activity, Higher Cognitive Skills, Skeletal Smooth Muscle, Smooth Muscle, Motor Neurons, Excitation, Skeletal Muscle Metabolism, Skeletal Muscle Contraction, Muscle Plasticity, Epigenetics, Endocrine Muscle, Smooth Muscle, blood immunology, blood composition, blood function, Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, Platelet Formation, Blood Cell Formation, Blood Clotting, Immunology, Organ Interaction, Homeostasis, Immune System Activation, Immune Detection System, Immune System Defenses, Acute Inflammation, Chronic Inflammation, Anti-inflammatory Drugs, Organ Transplantation, Immunology, Immunologic Disorders, Neuroendoimmunology, cardiovascular physiology, Hemodynamics, Cardiac Muscle Mechanics, Cardiac Pump, Cardiac Cycle, Cardiac Excitation–Contraction Coupling, Cardiac Performance, Cardiac Output, Systemic Circulation, Arterial Pressure Measurement, Central Blood Volume, Microcirculation, Lymphatic System, Coronary Circulation, Cerebral Circulation, Hepatic Circulation, Skeletal Muscle Circulation, Cutaneous Circulation, Fetal Circulation, Placental Circulation, Circulatory Shock, respiratory physiology, ventilation, Spirometry, Lung Volumes, Minute Ventilation, Airway Resistance, Gas Transfer, Diffusing Capacity, Pulmonary Circulation, Ventilation, body fluids, Kidney Function, nephron, Renal Blood Flow, Glomerular Filtration, Glomerular Hemodynamic Forces, Tubular Reabsorption, Tubule Secretion, Urinary Concentration Mechanisms, Electrolyte Balance, fluid balance, Acid–Base Homeostasis, gastrointestinal physiology, Salivary Secretion, Gastric Secretion, Pancreatic Secretion, Biliary Secretion, Intestinal Secretion, Carbohydrate Digestion, Carbohydrate Absorption, Water Absorption, Electrolyte Absorption, Mineral Absorption, Vitamin Absorption, Liver Functions, Immune Surveillance, Gastrointestinal Regulation, temperature regulation, exercise physiology, Heat Dissipation, Thermoregulatory Control, Heat Acclimatization, endocrine physiology, Endocrine Control Mechanisms, Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland, Thyroid Gland, Thyroid Hormone Synthesis, Adrenal Gland, Adrenal Medulla Catecholamines, Endocrine Pancreas, Islets of Langerhans, Islet Hormone Synthesis, Insulin, Glucagon Action, Diabetes Mellitus, Plasma Calcium, Phosphate Regulation, Bone Dysfunction, reproductive physiology, Male Reproductive System, Testicular Function